You will be allowed to bring to the examination one 8.5 x 11"study sheet, filled with whatever information that you can fit onto a single side of the paper. You will be required to turn in the study sheet with the examination.
A review session has been scheduled for Monday, May
14, from 4:00-6:00pm in FS Key 0101. Bring your questions, comments,
and trial answers.
The exam will consist of two sections.
1) What is the historical relationship between democracy and development in modern Latin America? Your answer should correlate the history of democratic institutions, practices, and values with the history of economic development in Latin America since the 1880s.
2) Compare and contrast the nineteenth-century caudillo with the twentieth-century populist. Demonstrate how these two leadership styles and their states are products of their era.
3) The worldwide economic crisis of the 1929 profoundly transformed Latin America, giving rise to political economies that rejected key aspects of nineteenth-century liberalism, including laissez-faire economic policy-making, export-led growth, and limited workers' rights. Critically describe why the crisis of 1929 contributed to the rise of state interventionism, import substitution industrialization, and populist labor policy.
4) Trace the content and the contradictions in racial ideology in Latin America in the period 1870 to 1960. Your argument should consider the significance of ideologies of racelessness, whitening, mestizaje, indigenismo, and racial democracy.
5) The leaders of the Mexican Revolution of 1910, the Cuban Revolution of 1959, and the military "revolutions" that swept the Southern Cone in the 1960s and 1970s all invoked a language of nationalism and national interests. Nevertheless, these historical episodes were deeply influenced by international conditions and international actors. Explain the role of international factors and actors in the history of "national" revolutions of the twentieth century.
6) Critically assess how nineteenth-century notions of civilization and barbarism shifted in the twentieth century. Draw upon the assigned readings concerning the cultural, political and material meanings of progress and modernization in the twentieth century and its discontents.
7) What historical factors explain why the military regimes that emerged during the Cold War presented themselves as "legitimate" forms of government even as they practiced systematic, extralegal acts of state terror?
8) Make a critical assessment of the origins of the revolutionary "Lefts" and reactionary "Rights" in Latin America during the Cold War. Use Uruguay as a case study.
The final exam represents 25% of your final grade.